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A spondylolisthesis is a forward slip or movement of one vertebra in the spine on the one below.  It is often now also referred to as a restrolysthesis. What is it The injury is graded from 1 to 4 depending on the degree of slip of the vertebra on the one below. Spondylolisthesis can be ... Read More

Nerve root irritation is commonly referred to as a pinched nerve and is a common problem experienced, generally in mid to later years of life. What Is It The nerves that supply the back, hips and legs exit the spine between each vertebra, through a tunnel known as the exit foramen, made up by the ... Read More

The low back or lumbar spine is made up of 5 bones or vertebrae. In between each of the bones of the neck lies a disc. The disc is made up of tough con-centric outer layers of tissue known as the annulus and a soft jelly like substance in the middle. Due to the structure ... Read More